Exiled Puerto-Rican writer, translator and abolitionist Ramón Bétances lived and worked in France. Bétances's Los Diez Mandamientos de los hombres libres (The Ten Commandments of free men, 1867) was a nationalist manifesto which included the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico as its first commandment. In this pamphlet, Bétances gives credit to the contributions made by a number of foreign powers to abolishing slavery in Puerto Rico - from treaties with Britain against the slave trade, and demands for abolition in the British press, described as "a European power in itself"'; to France's abolitionist appeals to the Spanish royal family; to US diplomatic pressure on Spain, and support from the republics of Latin America and Haiti.